General Chemistry

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Radiocarbon dating (usually referred to as simply carbon dating) is a radiometric dating method that uses the naturally occurring radioisotope carbon-14 ( 14C) to estimate the age of carbon-bearing materials up to about 58,000 to 62,000 years

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If a bond is broken, energy is released; and if a bond is formed, energy must have been absorbed. As these occur, a change in the chemical energy of the system also occurs. Within each bond of a molecule is an experimentally determined amount of energy that upon the breaking of that bond is released into the chemical system.

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Commercial nitric acid has a brown colour due to dissolved NO2 . The procedure of bubbling dry air through warm commercial nitric acid, is to drive away the dissolved nitrogen dioxide so that the acid becomes colourless.

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In the case of two electrons occupying the same orbital, the Pauli principle demands that they have opposite spin. The Pauli Exclusion Principle is the quantum mechanical principle that no two identical fermions (particles with half-integer spin) may occupy the same quantum state simultaneously.

Milk contains a sugar called lactose, a disaccharide (compound sugar) made by the glycosidic bonding between glucose and glactose (monosaccharides). When milk is heated to a temperature of 30-40 degrees centigrade and a small amount of old curd added to it, the lactobacillus in that curd sample gets activated and multiplies.

) Magnesium hydroxide is an inorganic compound with the chemical formula Mg (OH)2 . As a suspension in water, it is often called milk of magnesia because of its milk-like appearance. The solid mineral form of magnesium hydroxide is known as brucite. Magnesium hydroxide is a common component of antacids and laxatives

The most basic kind of soap is made from cuastic soda and animal fat. The two are heated together, and then cooled. The process is called “saponification”.

Coal is a combustible black or brownish-black sedimentary rock usually occurring in rock strata in layers or veins called coal beds or coal seams. The harder forms, such as anthracite coal, can be regarded as metamorphic rock because of later exposure to elevated temperature and pressure.