Indian Constitution

Presently, Concurrent list contains 52 subject matters which were only 47 in origiofral constitution, Labour union along with Forest, conservation of wild animals and birds, Transfer of property other than agriculture land, Bankruptcy and insolvency, criminal law etc, comes under Concurrent list, Whereas share market and future market are subjects of Union list.

Prevention of cruelty to animals is listed in concurrent list. The list included 52 items such as Marriage & Divorce, Bankruptcy & Insolvency, Forests, Education.

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Preventive detention is an imprisonment that is putatively justified for non-punitive purposes. In contrast to this, under preventive detention the government can imprison a person for some time without a criminal charge.

An uncodified or unwritten constitution is a type of constitution where the fundamental rules of government take the form of customs, usage, precedent and a variety of statutes and legal instruments. Current example of such a constitution is United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland where there is no defining document that can be termed “the constitution”.

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The British Speaker is elected at the beginning of the Parliament by and from among the members of the House of Commons. If the Speaker of outgoing Parliament is still a member of the house and is willing to be re-elected, he can do so. usually, he is reelected as many times as he wants. A change of party does not make any difference.

The 86^th Constitutional  Amendment Act 2002: Provides Right to Education until the age of fourteen and Early childhood care until the age of six.

The 81th Constitutional Amendment Act 2000: Protect SC / ST reservation in filling backlog of vacancies.

The 88th Constitutional Amendment Act 2004: To extend statutory cover for levy and utilization of Service Tax.

The 96th Constitutional Amendment Act 2011: Substituted "Odia" for "Oriya".

Although the last article of the Constitution is Article 395, the total number, as of March 2012 is 448. New articles added through amendments have been inserted in the relevant location in the original constitution. In order not to disturb the original numbering, the new articles are inserted with alphanumberic enume-rations.

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86th Amendment act, 2002 provided fundamental right to Elementary Education. This amendment added Article-21(A) under Part-III of constitution. This article provides for right of free and compulsory education to all children between the age of 6 to 14 years.

Amendment of constitution requires special majority which includes two-third of the majority of total strength of house. The constitutional amendment bill can be initiated in either house of Parliament.

Freedom of Conscience, and free profession, practice and propagation of religion.