Medieval History

The Jain Dilwara temples of India are located about 2½ kilometers from Mount Abu, Rajasthan’s only hill station. These temples built by Chalukya between the 11th and 13th centuries AD are world famous for their stunning use of marble.

Moinuddin Chishti, also known as Gharib Nawaz “Benefactor of the Poor” was the most famous Sufi saint of the Chishti Order of the Indian Subcontinent who introduced and established the order in South Asia. Dargah Sharif or Ajmer Sharif is a sufi shrine of sufi saint, Moinuddin Chishti located at Ajmer, Rajasthan, India.

Saint Tukaram (1608–1645) was a prominent Varkari Sant (Saint) and spiritual poet during a Bhakti movement in India. Dilip Purushottam Chitre, a well known Marathi Scholar, identifies Tukaram as the first modern poet of Marathi.

Isa Muhammad Effendi or Ustad Isa was a Persian architect from Iran he and his colleague Ismail Effendi entered the service of the Mughal Emperor Shah Jahan after the Ottoman Sultan Murad IV and the Mughals exchanged ambassadors. Isa Muhammad Effendi is often described as the chief architect of the Taj Mahal.

The first significant intrusion of Islam into India was led by Mahmud of Ghazni. In 1017, Mahmud of Ghazni took Rey. Most scholars, including al-Biruni, were taken to Ghazna, the capital of the Ghaznavid dynasty. Biruni was made court astrologer and accompanied Mahmud on his invasions into India, living there for a few years.

The Moti Masjid in Agra was built by Shah Jahan. During the rule of Shah Jahan the Mughal emperor, numerous architectural wonders were built. Most famous of them is the Taj Mahal. Moti Masjid earned the epithet Pearl Mosque for it shined like a pearl. It is held that this mosque was constructed by Shah Jahan for his members of royal court.

The Battles of Tarain, also known as the Battles of Taraori, were fought in 1191 and 1192 near the town of Tarain, near Thanesar in present-day Haryana, between the Muslim Ghurid army led by Sultan Shahabuddin Muhammad Ghauri and the Hindu Rajput army led by Prithviraj Chauhan.

In 1510, Alfonso de Albuquerque defeated the Bijapur sultans with the help of Timayya, on behalf of the Hindu Vijayanagara Empire, leading to the establishment of a permanent settlement in Velha Goa (or Old Goa).

Mia Tansen (born as Ramtanu Pandey) was a prominent Hindustani classical music composer and musician. He was an extraordinarily gifted vocalist, known for a large number of compositions, and also an instrumentalist who popularized and improved the plucked rabab (of Central Asian origin).

Akbar encouraged widow re-marriage, discouraged child marriage, outlawed the practice of sati, and persuaded Delhi merchants to set up special market days for women, who otherwise were secluded at home. His attempt to ban voluntary sati also met with opposition by some prominent Hindus of his kingdom, including some of his ministers, and he agreed not to pursue the matter further.

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