Medieval History

The Akbarnama, which literally means Book of Akbar, is the official chronicle of the reign of Akbar, the third Mughal Emperor, commissioned by Akbar himself, by his court historian and biographer, Abul Fazl who was one of the nine jewels in Akbar’s court.

Kublai Khan (1215-1294) was the founder of the Yuan Dynasty. After defeating his younger brother Alibuge who intended to grab the crown in 1264, Kublai Khan took the throne, with “Zhiyuan” as the reign title. Afterwards, he moved the capital to Yanjing (the current Beijing) and renamed it “Dadu”.

The Seuna, Sevuna or Yadavas of Devagiri (850– 1334) was an Indian dynasty, which at its peak ruled a kingdom stretching from the Tungabhadra to the Narmada rivers, including present-day Maharashtra, north Karnataka and parts of Madhya Pradesh, from its capital at Devagiri (present-day Daulatabad in modern Maharashtra).

The early spiritual training of Kabir came from Ramananda, who became his guru when Kabir was still a child. There are various versions of how Ramananda came to accept Kabir as his disciple. What all the versions agree is that Kabir tricked Ramananda into giving him a mantra for meditation, which forced him to accept Kabir as his disciple.

The Bhakti movement originated in ancient Tamil Nadu and began to spread to the north during the late medieval ages when north India was under Islamic rule. Ramanujacharya (1017-1137) was the earliest exponent of the Bhakti movement and Vishistadvaita philosophy. He provided a philosophical movement to the movement.

Kirti Stambh is situated at Chittorgarh fort in Rajasthan, India. The 22 metre high tower was built by a Rana Kumbha to commemorate his victory against Mahmud Khilji of Malwa. The tower is built in the Solanki style. It is 30 feet at the base and narrows down to 15 feet at the top .

Ajmer is famous for the Dargah Sharif of Khwaja Moinuddin Chishti which is situated at the foot of the Taragarh hill, and consists of several white marble buildings arranged around two courtyards, including a massive gate donated by the Nizam of Hyderabad and the Akbari Mosque, built by the Mughal emperor Shah Jahan.

Malik Kafur was a slave who became a head general in the army of Alauddin Khilji, ruler of the Delhi sultanate from 1296 to 1316 AD. Between 1309 and 1311, Malik Kafur led two campaigns in South India.

The system of tri-metalism which came to characterize Mughal coinage was introduced by Sher Shah. While the term rupya had previously been used as a generic term for any silver coin, during his rule the term rupiya came to be used as the name for a silver coin of a standard weight of 178 grains, which was the precursor of the modern rupee.

Vijayanagara is in Bellary District, northern Karnataka. It is the name of the now-ruined capital city that surrounds modern-day Hampi, of the historic Vijayanagara empire which extended over the southern part of India. The name translates as ‘City of Victory’, from vijaya (victory) and nagara (city).

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